A dual-function of antimicrobial and antioxidant approach for managing Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections by Copper Oxide-Cinnamic Acid Nanoparticles

Abstract

Pseudomonas aeruginosa poses a significant public health challenge due to its antibiotic resistance and ability to form biofilms. This study investigates the potential of Copper Oxide-Cinnamic Acid Nanoparticles (CuO-CA NPs) as a novel therapeutic solution. SEM analysis revealed CuO-CA NPs broad size distribution and irregular shapes, enhancing surface area and reactivity. UV-Vis and FTIR spectra confirmed the structural integrity of CA within the CuO-CA NPS. Antimicrobial assays demonstrated that CuO-CA NPs effectively inhibit P. aeruginosa growth, with Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Zone of Inhibition (ZOI) results surpassing Amoxicillin. Molecular docking studies indicated a strong affinity between cinnamic acid and bacterial aminopeptidase, contributing to the CuO-CA NPs antimicrobial potency. Antioxidant activity, assessed via DPPH and ABTS assays, showed significant free radical scavenging. In zebrafish models, CuO-CA NPs reduced oxidative stress, cellular damage, and lipid peroxidation caused by bacterial infection, improving hatching and heart rates. Furthermore, qRT-PCR analysis revealed that CuO-CA NPs significantly decreased the expression of inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and iNOS) in infected zebrafish, indicating anti-inflammatory effects. Overall, CuO-CA NPs exhibit strong antimicrobial and antioxidant activities, making them a promising alternative to traditional antibiotics for managing P. aeruginosa infections. These findings highlight their potential to address antibiotic resistance, suggesting that further research should focus on optimizing their synthesis and application for clinical use.